典型城市湖泊五里湖底栖动物群落演变特征及其生态修复应用建议     

薛庆举  汤祥明  龚志军  高光  蔡永久 《湖泊科学》2020,32(3):762-771

底栖动物作为湖泊生态修复中常用的淡水生物类群,对维持和稳定湖泊生态系统结构与功能具有重要作用,探明底栖动物群落演变特征对湖泊生态修复实践具有重要的指导意义.本研究于2007—2017年对太湖五里湖底栖动物群落结构开展了11年的长期调查,结合底栖动物历史数据以及水体、沉积物和浮游植物等相关资料的分析,探讨了五里湖底栖动物群落结构演变特征及潜在的影响因素.在综合分析底栖动物及环境因子变化特征的基础上,结合五里湖开发与修复工程的特点和发生时间,发现五里湖底栖动物群落演变过程总体可划分为自然演变、快速退化、生境修复和缓慢恢复4个阶段.在自然演变阶段,生境特征为底栖动物群落演变的直接影响因素,如水深、溶解氧和底质类型等;在快速退化阶段,人类活动干扰(如围湖造田)剧烈成为此阶段底栖动物群落演变的主要影响因素;在生境修复阶段,五里湖内开展的综合整治(包括生态清淤、污水截流、退渔还湖、动力换水、生态修复、湖岸整治和环湖林带建设等工程)等各项生态修复工程成为群落演变的主要影响因素,但在此阶段底栖动物优势种仍为耐污种;自2014年以来进入缓慢恢复期,软体动物投放成为底栖动物群落演变的一个重要影响因素,铜锈环棱螺等软体动物成为优势种.综合以上分析结果及底栖动物在生态修复中的应用实践,今后应加强对底栖动物生态修复投放过程及之后的维护管理等方面的研究.  相似文献   

强人类活动驱动下珠江磨刀门河口径潮动力的季节性异变特征     

张先毅  杨昊  黄竞争  傅林曦  王恒  刘俊勇  欧素英  刘锋  蔡华阳  杨清书 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(5):1043-1054

人类活动对河口环境影响巨大,揭示在强人类活动驱动下河口径潮动力非线性相互作用的异变特征,有利于了解人类活动影响河口动力地貌的机制,对河口区水利工程建设及环境保护等具有重要指导意义。基于1960—2016年珠江磨刀门河口沿程潮位站(甘竹、竹银、灯笼山、三灶)的逐月高、低潮位数据及马口水文站的月均流量数据,统计分析了磨刀门河口在强人类活动驱动下月均水位、潮波振幅及其空间梯度(即月均水位坡度和潮波振幅衰减率)的季节性异变特征。结果表明,1990年和2000年为磨刀门河口径潮动力的异变年份, 1990年前为自然演变阶段, 2000年后为恢复调整阶段,1990—2000年为过渡阶段;高强度采砂导致的河床下切使磨刀门河口月均水位及月均水位坡度显著减小,夏季减小幅度最为明显,沿程平均分别减小0.53m和8.93×10~(-6);月均水位坡度减小导致潮波衰减效应减弱,进而使沿程潮波振幅增大,多年平均增大0.071m;磨刀门河口径潮动力相互作用具有明显的季节性差异,夏季月均水位坡度随流量增大在上游抬升明显,冬季月均水位坡度在上游显著减小,但在下游略有抬升;随着流量的增大潮波振幅的衰减作用增强,但当流量超过阈值20000m~3/s时,月均水位坡度引起的底床摩擦增大效应不足以抵消横截面积辐散效应,潮波衰减效应略有减弱。  相似文献   

獐子岛岩相潮间带大型海藻有机碳含量及δ¹³C值的季节变化特征     

张靖凡  蔡恒江  赵玥茹  陈文翰  胡思琪  刘远  刘长发 《海洋科学》2020,44(2):56-65

为研究岩相潮间带大型海藻有机碳含量及δ~(13)C值的季节变化特征,分别于2016年11月(秋)和2017年2月(冬)、5月(春)、8月(夏)对獐子岛岩相潮间带(39°01′E,122°43′N)的大型海藻进行调查,并对其有机碳含量和δ~(13)C值进行分析。结果表明:共鉴定出大型海藻3门49种,其中红藻门24种,占总数的48.98%;褐藻门17种,占总数的34.69%;绿藻门8种,占总数的16.33%。大型海藻种类数为春季(35种)冬季(24种)=夏季(24种)秋季(23种)。不同种类海藻体内的有机碳含量为15.54%～35.03%,δ~(13)C值在–33.42‰～–7.43‰之间变动。不同季节海藻体内有机碳含量为冬季春季夏季秋季,δ~(13)C值为夏季春季冬季秋季。  相似文献   

不同流速和苗种规格对缢蛏平面流中间培育效果的影响     

林兴管  张翔  滕爽爽  肖国强  蔡逸龙 《海洋科学》2020,44(4):103-110

为了优化蛏苗集约化平面流中间培育技术,研究了不同进水流速和苗种规格对缢蛏中间培育效果的影响,并分析了集约化平面流中间培育系统的水质状况。结果显示,不同进水流速对缢蛏稚贝生长影响显著,稚贝生长速率随进水流速增加而增加,但成活率下降。通过流速与成活率和体质量日增生长量的线性回归分析,估算0.163L/s为适宜的进水流速。在适宜流速和相同放苗重量下,大规格苗种(8万粒/kg)生长速度显著高于小规格苗种(18万粒/kg),但因为小规格组放苗数量多,小规格组单位面积质量较其高出23.72%。除低流速组以外,平面流中间培育过程对叶绿素a和铵态氮有良好的去除效果,去除率分别达到36.99%和3.88%以上,这表明平面流集约化中间培育在利用海水池塘水体进行苗种中间培育的同时,也起到了池塘养殖水体的净化作用。综合认为,在养殖密度0.5kg/m^2、流速0.163 L/s的培育条件下,可以保证水体自污染程度较低,缢蛏苗种生长较快,成活率在73.12%以上。  相似文献   

浅析我国海洋生态环境损害赔偿          下载免费PDF全文

闫吉顺  张广帅  蔡悦荫  宫玮  赵全民 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(2):53-57

为加强我国海洋生态环境损害赔偿管理，并为进一步的深入研究奠定基础，文章论述我国海洋生态环境损害赔偿的理论内涵，对海洋生态环境损害进行定义，并界定不同损害行为的赔偿范围；通过构建海洋生态环境损害指数体系，探索我国海洋生态环境损害赔偿的立法路径以及建立我国海洋生态环境损害赔偿的管理体系。  相似文献   

2016—2017年夏季舟山近岸海域富营养化程度与浮游植物多样性          下载免费PDF全文

金敬林  蔡丽萍  余健涛 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(1):51-55

文章根据2016-2017年夏季的调查资料,对2016-2017年夏季舟山近岸海域富营养化状态及浮游植物进行分析。结果表明:2016-2017年夏季舟山近岸海域富营养化程度较高,且由近岸至外海递减;浮游植物群落主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,其密度、多样性指数均由近岸至外海递增;受其他因素影响,富营养化程度与浮游植物多样性关系的规律性不显著。  相似文献   

基于ABAQUS的深水连接器连接性能分析     

曹博  蔡志杰  石中玉  张玉龙  段梦兰 《海洋工程》2020,38(3):132-139

为解决现有深水连接器连接性能研究中力学分析建模不准确,且缺乏抗弯抗扭能力分析的问题,基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件对深水连接器进行三维模型动态仿真分析,对连接器的受力、密封性能以及在实际工程需求中不同内压下的抗弯及抗扭性能进行深入研究。结果表明:在安装及生产两种工况下,深水连接器各部件除密封环外受力均满足其强度设计要求,密封环接触表面发生合理塑性变形,满足密封要求;随着内压的增加,深水连接器的抗弯能力逐渐下降,抗扭能力则呈现增加的趋势;极限弯矩分别在0 MPa与35 MPa内压下的判定依据为密封失效,在14 MPa与52 MPa内压下的判定依据为下毂座屈服,而极限扭矩在不同内压下的判定依据均为密封失效。  相似文献   

Some Thoughts on the Earthquake Science Experimental Site——The Underground Cloud Map   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CHEN Yong  XU Yihe  CAI Huiteng  LI Wen 《中国地震研究》2019,33(1):1-8

The Western Yunnan Earthquake Predication Test Site set up jointly by the China Earthquake Administration, the National Science Foundation Commission of America, and United States Geological Survey has played an important role in development of early earthquake research work in China. Due to various objective reasons, most of the predicted targets in the earthquake prediction test site have not been achieved, and the development has been hindered. In recent years, the experiment site has been reconsidered, and renamed the “Earthquake Science Experimental Site”. Combined with the current development of seismology and the practical needs of disaster prevention and mitigation, we propose adding the “Underground Cloud Map” as the new direction of the experimental site. Using highly repeatable, environmentally friendly and safe airgun sources, we could send constant seismic signals, which realizes continuous monitoring of subsurface velocity changes. Utilizing the high-resolution 3-D crustal structure from ambient noise tomography, we could obtain 4-D (3-D space + 1-D time) images of subsurface structures, which we termed the “Underground Cloud Map”. The “Underground Cloud Map” can reflect underground velocity and stress changes, providing new means for the earthquake monitoring forecast nationwide, which promotes the conversion of experience-based earthquake prediction to physics-based prediction.  相似文献   

Experiments on Exploration of Shallow Fine Structures and the Construction of the 1-D Velocity Model in the Pingtan Island, Fujian     

GUO Yang  XU Jiajun  LIN Chen  JIN Xing  YAO Huajian  YANG Hongfeng  CAI Huiteng 《中国地震研究》2019,33(2):265-275

112 short-period seismographs were set up in the 400km² area of Pingtan Island and its surrounding areas in Fujian. The combined observations of the airgun source and ambient noise source were carried out using a dense array to receive the 387 airgun signals excited around the island and one month of continuous ambient noise recording. The 1-D P-wave and S-wave shallow velocity model of Pingtan Island is obtained by the inversion of the airgun body wave''s first arrival time data, and the reliability of the velocity model is verified by using the surface wave phase velocity dispersion curve, which can provide initial model for subsequent 3-D imaging. The experimental results show that this experiment is a successful demonstration of local scale green non-destructive detection, which can provide basic data for shallow surface structure research and strong vibration simulation of the Pingtan Island.  相似文献   

Attenuation Characteristics of Earthquake Ground Motion for Large Volume Airgun     

CAI Huiteng  CHEN Yong  JIN Xing  XU Yihe  LI Wen 《中国地震研究》2019,33(4):544-556

In order to further deepen the understanding of seismic wave propagation characteristics induced by the large volume airgun source, experimental data from multiple fixed excitation points in Fujian Province were used to obtain the equivalent single excitation high signal-to-noise ratio velocity and displacement records through linear stacking and simulation techniques. Then the peak displacements of different epicentral distances were used to calculate the equivalent magnitude of the airgun source excitation at different fixed excitation points so as to establish the attenuation relationship between equivalent magnitude,epicenter distance and velocity peak. Our results show that:① Within 270 km of epicentral distance,for the large-volume airgun's single shot,the peak velocity range is about 700-4 nm/s,and the peak displacement range is about 200. 0-0. 2 nm;② The equivalent magnitude of the P-wave from the airgun source with a total capacity of 8,000 in 3 is 0. 181-0. 760,and the equivalent magnitude of the S-wave is 0. 294-0. 832. By contrast,the equivalent magnitude of the P-wave from the airgun source with a total capacity of 12,000 in 3 is 0. 533-0. 896,and the equivalent magnitude of the S-wave is 0. 611-0. 946. The S-wave energy is greater than the P-wave energy, and the excitation efficiency varies greatly with different excitation environment;③ The peak velocity increases with the equivalent magnitude,and decreases with the epicentral distance. The vertical component of the P-wave peak velocity is the largest among those three components,while the S-wave has the smallest vertical component and similar horizontal components. Hence,our research can provide an important basis for the quantitative judgment of the seismic wave propagation distance using the airgun and the design of the observation system in deep exploration or monitoring with airgun.  相似文献